同位语从句用法详解
一、关于分离同位语从句
有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。如：
The story goes that he beats his son. 传说他打老婆。
The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery. 消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。 The rumor spread that a new school would be built here. 谣传这里要盖一所新学校。 Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town..有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。
The order soon came that all citizens should leave the village. 不久命令下来，所有居民都必须撤出村子。
二、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1．意义的不同
同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来： We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that 引导的是同位语从句)
We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news 而不是其他的news ，故that 从句为定语从句)
2. 引导词的不同
what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。
3. 引导词的功能上的不同
that 引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that 就充当told 的宾语。
4. 被修饰词语的区别
同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有story, order, belief, advice, theory, feeling, thought, problem, hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。 另外，when 和where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why 引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：
I have no idea when they will come. 我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)
I ’ll never forget the days when I lived there. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句) We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我们不明白这个问题，为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句 )
The reason why he didn’t come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能来开会，原因是他生病了。(定语从句)
同位语从句用法详解
一、关于分离同位语从句
有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开。如：
The story goes that he beats his son. 传说他打老婆。
The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery. 消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。 The rumor spread that a new school would be built here. 谣传这里要盖一所新学校。 Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town..有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。
The order soon came that all citizens should leave the village. 不久命令下来，所有居民都必须撤出村子。
二、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1．意义的不同
同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来： We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，故that 引导的是同位语从句)
We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news 而不是其他的news ，故that 从句为定语从句)
2. 引导词的不同
what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。
3. 引导词的功能上的不同
that 引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that 就充当told 的宾语。
4. 被修饰词语的区别
同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有story, order, belief, advice, theory, feeling, thought, problem, hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。 另外，when 和where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why 引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：
I have no idea when they will come. 我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)
I ’ll never forget the days when I lived there. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句) We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我们不明白这个问题，为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句 )
The reason why he didn’t come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能来开会，原因是他生病了。(定语从句)