一、 音节一个元音可以构成一个音节，如I, ear；一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素结合也可以构成一个音节，如 my, bed；/ m /, / n /, / l /, / ? /四个辅音和辅音音素结合也可以构成音节，这种响音叫做成节音，构成的音节往往出现在词的末尾，总是非重读的，如apple。二、 元音字母在重读音节中的读法在重读音节中，元音字母a, e, i, o, u的读法有以下五种情况：1、开音节；2、闭音节；3、-r音节；4、-re音节；5、元音字母组合。1、 开音节绝对开音节：在元音字母后面没有辅音字母。如，no, me…相对开音节：在元音字母后面有辅音字母（辅音字母r除外），还有一个无声的字母e。如face, make…在重读开音节中元音字母都读它们字母表中的读音（字母本身音）。2、闭音节元音字母后面有辅音字母（r除外）时，这个元音字母构成的音节叫做闭音节。在重读闭音节中，元音字母a读作/ ? /, e读作/е/(/ε/),i读作/i/, o读作/o/, u读作/Λ/或/u/。3、-r音节元音字母与辅音字母-r结合，构成ar, or, ir, er, ur音节。在重读音节中，ar/α:/, or读作/o:/,ir,er,ur读作/?:/。4、-re音节元音字母与-re结合，构成are, ere, ire, ore, ure音节。在重读音节中are读作/ε?/, 如care, dare, 但are /α:/； ere读作/i?/, 如here, 有时也可读作/ε?/, 如there, where, 但were /?:/； ire读作/ai?/, 如fire, tire；ore读作/o:/, 如more, store, wore, sore；ure读作/ju?/, 如pure,有时也可读作/u?/，如sure。5、元音字母组合1) a+其他字母a. al /o:/ ball, wall, talk, walk； /o:l/ also, salt, false*al的后面是f或m时，读作/α:/，half, calm, palm。b. ai, ay /ei/ wait, day, play.c. air /ε?/ air, hair, chair, pair.2) e+其他字母a. ea /i:/ meat, clean, peace, please; /e/ head, bread, dead. *great, break除外。b. ee /i:/ three, green, meet, need.c. ei, ie /i:/ piece, field, niece, ceiling, receive; *有时ei和ey一样, 读作/ei/，eight, grey, neighbour;*friend, height, review除外。e. eu, ew /ju:/ new, few, neutral, *ew在辅音字母l, r, j后面时读作/u:/, blew, Jew.f. ear /i?/ hear, dear, tear; /ε?/ wear, bear, pear;*ear后面有辅音时读作/?:/, learn, early, pearl;*heart, year除外。g. eer /i?/ deer, cheer, beer, engineer.3) i+其他字母a. ig, ight /ai/ light, bright, sign, b. ia, ie, io /ai?/ dialogue, quiet, science, society, violin.4) o+其他字母a. oa /?u/ coat, boat, soap, b. oi, oy /oi/ oil, voice, point, boy, joyc. oul /u/ could, would, should;d. oo /u:/, tooth, school, moon, /u/ foot, food, good, stood, book, look, cook *flood, blood除外e. oor, oar /o:/ door, floor, board *poor除外。f. ou /au/ loud, house, mouth /Λ/ touch, county, trouble *group, youth除外g. ought /o/ bought, thought, fought *though, through除外h. our /o:/ four, course, pour, /au?/ our
, flour, souri. ow /au/ now, how, town, down /?u/ slow, grow, show, snowj. owe, ower /au?/ towel, vowel, power, flower5) u+其他字母a. ui /u:/ suit, fruit, juice *build/bild/除外 /ui/ fluid, ruin(在l, r后)三、 元音字母在非重读音节中的读法1、元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u在非重读音节中的读法：分别读作/?/, /i/, /u/. 1) Aa a. /?/ again, China, woman, breakfast, b. /i/ 非重读音节中的a后面有辅音字母，又有一个不发音的e时，读作/i/，在动词中读作/ei/. village, palace, comrade, celebrate. 2) Ee a. /?/ open, silent, sentence, excellentb. /i/ e在前缀后缀中常读作/i/：repeat, decide, behind, careless, actress, tallest, wanted. 3) Ii a. /i/ city, office, morning,b. /?/ holiday, possiblec. -ise /ai/ exercise, realize. 4) Oo a. / ?/ second, produce, consider, police.b. 在词尾的非重读音节中常读作/?u/. piano, radio, potato, photo, tomato. 5) Uu a. / ?/ autumn, suggest, support, difficult.b. –ute, -ude /ju:/ institute, attitude.2、-r音节在非重读音节中的读法：/?/ sugar, grammar, particular, doctor, forget, teacher, paper, Saturday.3、常见的字母组合在非重读音节中的读法：1） ai, ay, ey /i/ mountain, Sunday, Monday, holiday, valley, money.2） ia, ou, our /?/ special, Russia, nervous, colour, neighbour.3） -tion, -sion, -shion /∫?n/ production, fashion, impression, nationality, *-sion的前面是元音字母时读/ g?n/ vision, decision, television4） -ture /t∫?/ picture, culture, -sure /g?/ pleasure, treasure, measure,-ure /?/ figure.四、 辅音字母的读法辅音字母组合读法：1）ch, tch /t∫/ child, catch, watch *school2) ck /k/ neck, black3) cc在元音字母e, i前时，读/ks/，其他情况读/k/: success, accident; according, occupy, acclaim.4) sc在e, i前读/s/，其他读/sk/: science, scarf, escape5) dge /dg/ bridge, judge6) gu, gue /g/(尤其在词首或词尾时) guide, guess, dialogue, 在词中时读/gw/, language.7) gh, ph /f/ cough, enough, laugh, phrase, photo, phone8) qu /kw/ quick, quite, quiet9) sh /∫/ she, shirt, fish, wash10) ss /s/ miss, class, glass, lesson11) th a. /θ/ think, thank, three, both, mathsb. 在冠词、代词、介词、连词中读/δ/：this, they, with, the, thanc. –the, -ther /δ/ bathe, father, mother, togather.12) wh a. /w/ what, why, white, b. 后面是元音字母O时，读/h/, who, whose, whole13) wr /r/ write, wrong14) mn /m/ autumn, 15) kn /n/ knife, knee, know16) stle /sl/, sten /sn/ castle, whistle, listen, fasten17) ng /?/ long, sing, spring
一、 音节一个元音可以构成一个音节，如I, ear；一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素结合也可以构成一个音节，如 my, bed；/ m /, / n /, / l /, / ? /四个辅音和辅音音素结合也可以构成音节，这种响音叫做成节音，构成的音节往往出现在词的末尾，总是非重读的，如apple。二、 元音字母在重读音节中的读法在重读音节中，元音字母a, e, i, o, u的读法有以下五种情况：1、开音节；2、闭音节；3、-r音节；4、-re音节；5、元音字母组合。1、 开音节绝对开音节：在元音字母后面没有辅音字母。如，no, me…相对开音节：在元音字母后面有辅音字母（辅音字母r除外），还有一个无声的字母e。如face, make…在重读开音节中元音字母都读它们字母表中的读音（字母本身音）。2、闭音节元音字母后面有辅音字母（r除外）时，这个元音字母构成的音节叫做闭音节。在重读闭音节中，元音字母a读作/ ? /, e读作/е/(/ε/),i读作/i/, o读作/o/, u读作/Λ/或/u/。3、-r音节元音字母与辅音字母-r结合，构成ar, or, ir, er, ur音节。在重读音节中，ar/α:/, or读作/o:/,ir,er,ur读作/?:/。4、-re音节元音字母与-re结合，构成are, ere, ire, ore, ure音节。在重读音节中are读作/ε?/, 如care, dare, 但are /α:/； ere读作/i?/, 如here, 有时也可读作/ε?/, 如there, where, 但were /?:/； ire读作/ai?/, 如fire, tire；ore读作/o:/, 如more, store, wore, sore；ure读作/ju?/, 如pure,有时也可读作/u?/，如sure。5、元音字母组合1) a+其他字母a. al /o:/ ball, wall, talk, walk； /o:l/ also, salt, false*al的后面是f或m时，读作/α:/，half, calm, palm。b. ai, ay /ei/ wait, day, play.c. air /ε?/ air, hair, chair, pair.2) e+其他字母a. ea /i:/ meat, clean, peace, please; /e/ head, bread, dead. *great, break除外。b. ee /i:/ three, green, meet, need.c. ei, ie /i:/ piece, field, niece, ceiling, receive; *有时ei和ey一样, 读作/ei/，eight, grey, neighbour;*friend, height, review除外。e. eu, ew /ju:/ new, few, neutral, *ew在辅音字母l, r, j后面时读作/u:/, blew, Jew.f. ear /i?/ hear, dear, tear; /ε?/ wear, bear, pear;*ear后面有辅音时读作/?:/, learn, early, pearl;*heart, year除外。g. eer /i?/ deer, cheer, beer, engineer.3) i+其他字母a. ig, ight /ai/ light, bright, sign, b. ia, ie, io /ai?/ dialogue, quiet, science, society, violin.4) o+其他字母a. oa /?u/ coat, boat, soap, b. oi, oy /oi/ oil, voice, point, boy, joyc. oul /u/ could, would, should;d. oo /u:/, tooth, school, moon, /u/ foot, food, good, stood, book, look, cook *flood, blood除外e. oor, oar /o:/ door, floor, board *poor除外。f. ou /au/ loud, house, mouth /Λ/ touch, county, trouble *group, youth除外g. ought /o/ bought, thought, fought *though, through除外h. our /o:/ four, course, pour, /au?/ our
, flour, souri. ow /au/ now, how, town, down /?u/ slow, grow, show, snowj. owe, ower /au?/ towel, vowel, power, flower5) u+其他字母a. ui /u:/ suit, fruit, juice *build/bild/除外 /ui/ fluid, ruin(在l, r后)三、 元音字母在非重读音节中的读法1、元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u在非重读音节中的读法：分别读作/?/, /i/, /u/. 1) Aa a. /?/ again, China, woman, breakfast, b. /i/ 非重读音节中的a后面有辅音字母，又有一个不发音的e时，读作/i/，在动词中读作/ei/. village, palace, comrade, celebrate. 2) Ee a. /?/ open, silent, sentence, excellentb. /i/ e在前缀后缀中常读作/i/：repeat, decide, behind, careless, actress, tallest, wanted. 3) Ii a. /i/ city, office, morning,b. /?/ holiday, possiblec. -ise /ai/ exercise, realize. 4) Oo a. / ?/ second, produce, consider, police.b. 在词尾的非重读音节中常读作/?u/. piano, radio, potato, photo, tomato. 5) Uu a. / ?/ autumn, suggest, support, difficult.b. –ute, -ude /ju:/ institute, attitude.2、-r音节在非重读音节中的读法：/?/ sugar, grammar, particular, doctor, forget, teacher, paper, Saturday.3、常见的字母组合在非重读音节中的读法：1） ai, ay, ey /i/ mountain, Sunday, Monday, holiday, valley, money.2） ia, ou, our /?/ special, Russia, nervous, colour, neighbour.3） -tion, -sion, -shion /∫?n/ production, fashion, impression, nationality, *-sion的前面是元音字母时读/ g?n/ vision, decision, television4） -ture /t∫?/ picture, culture, -sure /g?/ pleasure, treasure, measure,-ure /?/ figure.四、 辅音字母的读法辅音字母组合读法：1）ch, tch /t∫/ child, catch, watch *school2) ck /k/ neck, black3) cc在元音字母e, i前时，读/ks/，其他情况读/k/: success, accident; according, occupy, acclaim.4) sc在e, i前读/s/，其他读/sk/: science, scarf, escape5) dge /dg/ bridge, judge6) gu, gue /g/(尤其在词首或词尾时) guide, guess, dialogue, 在词中时读/gw/, language.7) gh, ph /f/ cough, enough, laugh, phrase, photo, phone8) qu /kw/ quick, quite, quiet9) sh /∫/ she, shirt, fish, wash10) ss /s/ miss, class, glass, lesson11) th a. /θ/ think, thank, three, both, mathsb. 在冠词、代词、介词、连词中读/δ/：this, they, with, the, thanc. –the, -ther /δ/ bathe, father, mother, togather.12) wh a. /w/ what, why, white, b. 后面是元音字母O时，读/h/, who, whose, whole13) wr /r/ write, wrong14) mn /m/ autumn, 15) kn /n/ knife, knee, know16) stle /sl/, sten /sn/ castle, whistle, listen, fasten17) ng /?/ long, sing, spring