语法——Noun clauses as the subject
主语从句
如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语, 那么这个句子就是主语从句。
①That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
②What we need are good doctors.
③Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.
1.主语从句的连接词
1).连接词: that, whether
①.That he will win is certain.
②.Whether he’ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.
2).连接代词: who, what, which, whom , whose, whoever, whatever, whichever
①.It is clear who is afraid of having a change in land ownership.
②.What India needs is a law to make land ownership fairer.
3).连接副词: when, where, why, how, how many, how much , how long, how soon, how often
①When we’ll start tomorrow will be told soon.
②Where we can buy oxen is something we need to find out.
③Why he came here is not known.
④How we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed.
【连接词】
1. that—— 2. whether——3. who ——
4. what——5. which—— 6. when, where ——7. why, how—— 8. whoever、whatever、whichever可引导主语从句。
【小结】
1. 引导主语从句连词有that, whether, who, what, whatever等。
2. 连词位于句首不能省略。
3. 主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数, 但在连接代词what引导的主语从句后谓语动词的数要根据句意而定。
★为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it 放在主语位置，真正主语后置。
1. It is certain 2. It is true 3. It is very likely 4. It is strange 5. It is a pity6. It is still a mystery
7. It is said 8. It seems【小结】
1.以that 引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导, 结构为：It is +形容词/名词/某些动词ed + that 从句。
2.在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气 (should +do/should +have done)。
★用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句
It is a fact that „ 事实是„
It is an honor that „非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that „是常识
(2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句
It is natural that„ 很自然„
It is strange that„ 奇怪的是„
(3) It ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句
It seems that„ 似乎„
It happened that„ 碰巧„
It appears that„ 似乎„
(4) It ＋be+ 过去分词 ＋ 从句
It is reported that„ 据报道„
It has been proved that„ 已证实„
It is said that„ 据说„
★“It” 作形式主语代替主语从句的常见句型举例
①It’s + adj. + that / wh- clause
e.g. It’s clear / natural / certain that clause
It’s obvious that money doesn’t grow on trees.
②It’s + p.p. + that / wh- clause
e.g. It’s said / reported / known that clause
It’s believed that he will come next week.
③It ‘s + n. + that / wh- clause e.g. It’s a shame / an honour / good news that clause
It’s still a question when we’ll have our meeting.
④It + v. (n. / pron.) that /wh- clause
e.g. It made us very happy that she was chosen. It appears that he forgot to sign the letter.
★whether与if均为“是否”，但下列情况下只用whether ：
1. 引导主语从句并在句首 ——
2. 引导表语从句 ——The question is 3. whether从句作介词宾语 ——I’m not sure about 4. 引导让步状语从句时 ——’ll have to do it.
【注意事项】
1. 主语从句位于句首时必须由连接词引导。
2. 主语从句后置时引导词that可省略。
3. 主语从句位于句首时,不能用if 引导。
4. 主语从句后置时, 可以用if引导。
练一练
1. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
2. These wild flowers are so special I would do I can to save them.
3. in the regulations that you should not tell people the passport of your e-mail account.
4. It is pretty well understood
5. made the school proud wasmore than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
6. It now appears they are in need of help.
7.
8. It is good news they will arrive in a few days.
Use the words below to fill in the blanks
1. ______ watch was lost is unknown.
2. ________ you did is right.
3. _________ we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
4. ______ we need is time.
5. ______ will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.
whether what who whose whatever
.
Whether
What
Whatever
Whose
Who
上面的空大家都填对了吗?
上面每个句子都出现了的主语从句，大家能找到吗？
1. Whose watch was lost is unknown.
2. Whatever you did is right.
3. Whether we will go for an outing
tomorrow remains unknown.
4. What we need is time.
5. Who will be our monitor hasn't been
decided yet.
1. Whose watch was lost is unknown.
2. Whatever you did is right.
3. Whether we will go for an outing
tomorrow remains unknown.
4. What we need is time.
5. Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.
2. 在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气
(should +do/should +have done)。
他出生在何地还不知道。
2. 谁会赢得比赛还不知道。
3. 谁来都欢迎。
4. 那个人为什么被谋杀尚不知道。
Where he was born has not been found.
Why the person was murdered is still unknown.
Who will win the match is still unknown.
Whoever comes is welcome.
5. What the teacher said today was quite right.
老师今天说的话是十分正确的。
6. That they are badly in need of help is quite clear.
他们急需帮助，这是十分明显的。
7. Whether they will sell the house is not yet decided.
他们是否卖掉这所房子还没有决定。
8. Whatever was said here must be kept secret.
这里说的话都应当保密。
9. Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.
凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。
10. It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
她犯了这样一个错误, 真是遗憾。
11. It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.
据信, 至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。
12. That they were true sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.
很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。
13. Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.
他是否会来这里还不清楚。
14. What she did is not yet known.
她干了什么尚不清楚。
15. 无论他说什么都不重要。
Whatever he says is of no importance
16. 无论谁说这话都不对。
Whoever says that is wrong．
17. How this happened is not clear to anyone.
这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
18. Whoever comes is welcome.
不论谁来都欢迎。
19. 不管是谁犯了法，他都应该受到惩罚。
Whoever breaks the law should be punished。
1. _____ you don’t like him is none of my business.
2. _____ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
3. ________ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
4. ________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
5. ________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
That
What
Whether
Whether
Whoever
填空。
6. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
7.It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.
8. The Foreign Minister said, “__ is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
9. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ____ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. It
that
It
what
语法——Noun clauses as the subject
主语从句
如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语, 那么这个句子就是主语从句。
①That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
②What we need are good doctors.
③Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.
1.主语从句的连接词
1).连接词: that, whether
①.That he will win is certain.
②.Whether he’ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.
2).连接代词: who, what, which, whom , whose, whoever, whatever, whichever
①.It is clear who is afraid of having a change in land ownership.
②.What India needs is a law to make land ownership fairer.
3).连接副词: when, where, why, how, how many, how much , how long, how soon, how often
①When we’ll start tomorrow will be told soon.
②Where we can buy oxen is something we need to find out.
③Why he came here is not known.
④How we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed.
【连接词】
1. that—— 2. whether——3. who ——
4. what——5. which—— 6. when, where ——7. why, how—— 8. whoever、whatever、whichever可引导主语从句。
【小结】
1. 引导主语从句连词有that, whether, who, what, whatever等。
2. 连词位于句首不能省略。
3. 主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数, 但在连接代词what引导的主语从句后谓语动词的数要根据句意而定。
★为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it 放在主语位置，真正主语后置。
1. It is certain 2. It is true 3. It is very likely 4. It is strange 5. It is a pity6. It is still a mystery
7. It is said 8. It seems【小结】
1.以that 引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导, 结构为：It is +形容词/名词/某些动词ed + that 从句。
2.在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气 (should +do/should +have done)。
★用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句
It is a fact that „ 事实是„
It is an honor that „非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that „是常识
(2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句
It is natural that„ 很自然„
It is strange that„ 奇怪的是„
(3) It ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句
It seems that„ 似乎„
It happened that„ 碰巧„
It appears that„ 似乎„
(4) It ＋be+ 过去分词 ＋ 从句
It is reported that„ 据报道„
It has been proved that„ 已证实„
It is said that„ 据说„
★“It” 作形式主语代替主语从句的常见句型举例
①It’s + adj. + that / wh- clause
e.g. It’s clear / natural / certain that clause
It’s obvious that money doesn’t grow on trees.
②It’s + p.p. + that / wh- clause
e.g. It’s said / reported / known that clause
It’s believed that he will come next week.
③It ‘s + n. + that / wh- clause e.g. It’s a shame / an honour / good news that clause
It’s still a question when we’ll have our meeting.
④It + v. (n. / pron.) that /wh- clause
e.g. It made us very happy that she was chosen. It appears that he forgot to sign the letter.
★whether与if均为“是否”，但下列情况下只用whether ：
1. 引导主语从句并在句首 ——
2. 引导表语从句 ——The question is 3. whether从句作介词宾语 ——I’m not sure about 4. 引导让步状语从句时 ——’ll have to do it.
【注意事项】
1. 主语从句位于句首时必须由连接词引导。
2. 主语从句后置时引导词that可省略。
3. 主语从句位于句首时,不能用if 引导。
4. 主语从句后置时, 可以用if引导。
练一练
1. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
2. These wild flowers are so special I would do I can to save them.
3. in the regulations that you should not tell people the passport of your e-mail account.
4. It is pretty well understood
5. made the school proud wasmore than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
6. It now appears they are in need of help.
7.
8. It is good news they will arrive in a few days.
Use the words below to fill in the blanks
1. ______ watch was lost is unknown.
2. ________ you did is right.
3. _________ we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
4. ______ we need is time.
5. ______ will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.
whether what who whose whatever
.
Whether
What
Whatever
Whose
Who
上面的空大家都填对了吗?
上面每个句子都出现了的主语从句，大家能找到吗？
1. Whose watch was lost is unknown.
2. Whatever you did is right.
3. Whether we will go for an outing
tomorrow remains unknown.
4. What we need is time.
5. Who will be our monitor hasn't been
decided yet.
1. Whose watch was lost is unknown.
2. Whatever you did is right.
3. Whether we will go for an outing
tomorrow remains unknown.
4. What we need is time.
5. Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.
2. 在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气
(should +do/should +have done)。
他出生在何地还不知道。
2. 谁会赢得比赛还不知道。
3. 谁来都欢迎。
4. 那个人为什么被谋杀尚不知道。
Where he was born has not been found.
Why the person was murdered is still unknown.
Who will win the match is still unknown.
Whoever comes is welcome.
5. What the teacher said today was quite right.
老师今天说的话是十分正确的。
6. That they are badly in need of help is quite clear.
他们急需帮助，这是十分明显的。
7. Whether they will sell the house is not yet decided.
他们是否卖掉这所房子还没有决定。
8. Whatever was said here must be kept secret.
这里说的话都应当保密。
9. Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.
凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。
10. It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
她犯了这样一个错误, 真是遗憾。
11. It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.
据信, 至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。
12. That they were true sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.
很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。
13. Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.
他是否会来这里还不清楚。
14. What she did is not yet known.
她干了什么尚不清楚。
15. 无论他说什么都不重要。
Whatever he says is of no importance
16. 无论谁说这话都不对。
Whoever says that is wrong．
17. How this happened is not clear to anyone.
这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
18. Whoever comes is welcome.
不论谁来都欢迎。
19. 不管是谁犯了法，他都应该受到惩罚。
Whoever breaks the law should be punished。
1. _____ you don’t like him is none of my business.
2. _____ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
3. ________ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
4. ________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
5. ________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
That
What
Whether
Whether
Whoever
填空。
6. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
7.It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.
8. The Foreign Minister said, “__ is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
9. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ____ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. It
that
It
what