*****大学
毕业论文
2012－2013学年度
古村落旅游开发中居民参与问题浅析
——以黟县西递村为例
学生姓名
学 院
专 业
班 级
学 号
指导教师
2013年 5 月 15日
古村落旅游开发中居民参与问题浅析
——以黟县西递村为例
摘 要
古村落作为一种传统的民居形式，有着悠久的历史和深厚的文化底蕴，是一种独特
的文化旅游资源。目前国内外的学者都逐渐把居民的参与作为古村落旅游发展的主题，居民参与也因此成为了古村落旅游开发的关键要素。开发中居民的参与积极性不高，居民与各旅游主体之间的冲突以及参与项目有限等一系列的问题成为了旅游开发中制约居民参与的主要障碍。本文通过对古村落居民对待旅游开发的态度和开发中存在的问题以及对应的解决方法进行浅析。
【关键词】古村落；旅游开发；居民参与
The ancient village of residents’ participation in tourism exploitation
-- Taking Yixian County Xidi Village as an example Abstract
As a form of traditional dwellings of ancient villages, has a long history and rich cultural heritage, is a unique cultural tourism resources. Scholars at home and abroad are increasingly involved in resident as a subject of tourism exploit, resident participation has become a key element in tourism exploit of ancient settlements.Participation of residents in the exploit motivation high, conflicts between residents and tourists, and limited participation in projects and a series of issues has become main obstacles restricting residents to participate in the exploit of tourism.This article through the ancient village residents.
[keyword] ancient villages, tourism exploit, residents’ Participation
目 录
引言
一、居民参与旅游开发概述„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1
二、西递的概况„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1
三、西递村居民对待旅游开发的态度„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„2
四、西递村旅游开发中居民参与存在的问题„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3
（一）居民权益被忽视，参与积极性不高„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3
1.居民利益分配不均„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3
2.居民参与决策权被忽视„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3
（二）开发过程中当地居民与利益相关主体冲突„„„„„„„„„„„„4
1.当地居民和外来从事旅游人员冲突„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4
2. 当地居民和当地政府的冲突„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4
3.当地居民和旅游开发商的冲突„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4
4. 当地居民和旅游者的冲突„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4
（三）居民可参与的项目有限„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5
（四）居民文化素质低，接待能力不强„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5
（五）居民的文化遗产保护意识淡薄„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„错
误！未定义书签。
五、旅游开发中调动居民参与的措施„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6
（一）重视居民的权益，提高参与积极性„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6
1.让居民获得切实利益„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6
2.赋予居民旅游开发决策的权力„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6
（二）协调居民与各利益主体之间的关系„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7
1. 旅游从业人员本地化，减少外来从业人员„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7
2.政府成立管理机构，保证居民产权„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7
3.开发商关注居民需求，达成双赢„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7
4.吸收外来文化精髓，发扬好客精神„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„8
（三）增加居民可参与的项目„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„8
（四）培养旅游专业人才，提高居民文化素质„„„„„„„„„„„„„9
（五）加强居民的文化遗产保护教育„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„9
六、结束语„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„9
参考文献 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„11
引言
自上个世纪八十年代开始，古村落旅游开发便成为人们关注的热点。古村落所展现
出来的是形态各异的古代建筑风貌和传承了数百年甚至是上千年传统文化习俗。古村落旅游不仅让当地居民认识到古街旧巷的价值和深藏在这些建筑背后渊博的文化内涵，同时也吸引更多人来保护古村落，使中华民族的优秀文化得以永续传承。古村落的旅游开发，让一些向往村落淳朴、渴望回归自然的游客有了精神的栖息地。古村落旅游越来越成为了旅游者向往的一种休闲方式，但是在偏远和相对封闭的古村落，居民参与在旅游开发中却存在着许多的问题，阻碍了古村落的旅游开发。
一、居民参与旅游开发概述
古村落的开发有其相对的特殊性，居民不仅是民居产权的所有者，同时也是经营者。
居民的参与开发，对古村落的开发起到关键性作用。著名旅游社会影响分析专家Murp hy 指出，公众参与旅游业至少体现在决策过程和旅游开发受益两方面。他还提出，如果居民是当地旅游设施的拥有者或管理者，其参与积极性会明显提高，同时对游客行为的容忍也会明显增强[1]。如今的古村落开发更多的是追求其经济利益，没有合理的规划。当地政府、开发商和旅游者与居民之间的关系紧张，甚至产生矛盾冲突，引发相关的社会、经济、文化生活等方面的问题。这些矛盾是导致当地居民参与旅游开发积极性不高的重要因素，同时，矛盾的存在也制约制约着旅游开发相关制度的建立，影响着古村落的开发。
居民参与旅游发展是指把居民归纳到旅游规划、旅游开发等旅游发展大事的决策
中，在执行体系中，充分发挥居民的作用。居民参与旅游发展是带动当地旅游发展的一个重要内容和评断依据。国外学者对这方面已经有了相关的研究，内容包括旅游发展与居民的相关关系以及旅游发展中居民的地位和作用。世界旅游组织指出，当地居民从发展旅游中得到的实惠越多，就会越积极地保护当地的自然环境、文化遗产，更支持各种旅游活动的开展[2]。很多地区在旅游开发中忽视了当地居民的参与和要求，从而造成了旅游地环境污染，经济秩序紊乱，传统文化破坏等现象的产生。
二、西递的概况
西递村地处安徽黟县西递镇西部，素有“桃花源里人家”和“中国明清民居博物馆”
*****大学
毕业论文
2012－2013学年度
古村落旅游开发中居民参与问题浅析
——以黟县西递村为例
学生姓名
学 院
专 业
班 级
学 号
指导教师
2013年 5 月 15日
古村落旅游开发中居民参与问题浅析
——以黟县西递村为例
摘 要
古村落作为一种传统的民居形式，有着悠久的历史和深厚的文化底蕴，是一种独特
的文化旅游资源。目前国内外的学者都逐渐把居民的参与作为古村落旅游发展的主题，居民参与也因此成为了古村落旅游开发的关键要素。开发中居民的参与积极性不高，居民与各旅游主体之间的冲突以及参与项目有限等一系列的问题成为了旅游开发中制约居民参与的主要障碍。本文通过对古村落居民对待旅游开发的态度和开发中存在的问题以及对应的解决方法进行浅析。
【关键词】古村落；旅游开发；居民参与
The ancient village of residents’ participation in tourism exploitation
-- Taking Yixian County Xidi Village as an example Abstract
As a form of traditional dwellings of ancient villages, has a long history and rich cultural heritage, is a unique cultural tourism resources. Scholars at home and abroad are increasingly involved in resident as a subject of tourism exploit, resident participation has become a key element in tourism exploit of ancient settlements.Participation of residents in the exploit motivation high, conflicts between residents and tourists, and limited participation in projects and a series of issues has become main obstacles restricting residents to participate in the exploit of tourism.This article through the ancient village residents.
[keyword] ancient villages, tourism exploit, residents’ Participation
目 录
引言
一、居民参与旅游开发概述„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1
二、西递的概况„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1
三、西递村居民对待旅游开发的态度„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„2
四、西递村旅游开发中居民参与存在的问题„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3
（一）居民权益被忽视，参与积极性不高„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3
1.居民利益分配不均„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3
2.居民参与决策权被忽视„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3
（二）开发过程中当地居民与利益相关主体冲突„„„„„„„„„„„„4
1.当地居民和外来从事旅游人员冲突„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4
2. 当地居民和当地政府的冲突„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4
3.当地居民和旅游开发商的冲突„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4
4. 当地居民和旅游者的冲突„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„4
（三）居民可参与的项目有限„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5
（四）居民文化素质低，接待能力不强„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„5
（五）居民的文化遗产保护意识淡薄„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„错
误！未定义书签。
五、旅游开发中调动居民参与的措施„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6
（一）重视居民的权益，提高参与积极性„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6
1.让居民获得切实利益„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6
2.赋予居民旅游开发决策的权力„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6
（二）协调居民与各利益主体之间的关系„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7
1. 旅游从业人员本地化，减少外来从业人员„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7
2.政府成立管理机构，保证居民产权„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7
3.开发商关注居民需求，达成双赢„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„7
4.吸收外来文化精髓，发扬好客精神„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„8
（三）增加居民可参与的项目„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„8
（四）培养旅游专业人才，提高居民文化素质„„„„„„„„„„„„„9
（五）加强居民的文化遗产保护教育„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„9
六、结束语„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„9
参考文献 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„11
引言
自上个世纪八十年代开始，古村落旅游开发便成为人们关注的热点。古村落所展现
出来的是形态各异的古代建筑风貌和传承了数百年甚至是上千年传统文化习俗。古村落旅游不仅让当地居民认识到古街旧巷的价值和深藏在这些建筑背后渊博的文化内涵，同时也吸引更多人来保护古村落，使中华民族的优秀文化得以永续传承。古村落的旅游开发，让一些向往村落淳朴、渴望回归自然的游客有了精神的栖息地。古村落旅游越来越成为了旅游者向往的一种休闲方式，但是在偏远和相对封闭的古村落，居民参与在旅游开发中却存在着许多的问题，阻碍了古村落的旅游开发。
一、居民参与旅游开发概述
古村落的开发有其相对的特殊性，居民不仅是民居产权的所有者，同时也是经营者。
居民的参与开发，对古村落的开发起到关键性作用。著名旅游社会影响分析专家Murp hy 指出，公众参与旅游业至少体现在决策过程和旅游开发受益两方面。他还提出，如果居民是当地旅游设施的拥有者或管理者，其参与积极性会明显提高，同时对游客行为的容忍也会明显增强[1]。如今的古村落开发更多的是追求其经济利益，没有合理的规划。当地政府、开发商和旅游者与居民之间的关系紧张，甚至产生矛盾冲突，引发相关的社会、经济、文化生活等方面的问题。这些矛盾是导致当地居民参与旅游开发积极性不高的重要因素，同时，矛盾的存在也制约制约着旅游开发相关制度的建立，影响着古村落的开发。
居民参与旅游发展是指把居民归纳到旅游规划、旅游开发等旅游发展大事的决策
中，在执行体系中，充分发挥居民的作用。居民参与旅游发展是带动当地旅游发展的一个重要内容和评断依据。国外学者对这方面已经有了相关的研究，内容包括旅游发展与居民的相关关系以及旅游发展中居民的地位和作用。世界旅游组织指出，当地居民从发展旅游中得到的实惠越多，就会越积极地保护当地的自然环境、文化遗产，更支持各种旅游活动的开展[2]。很多地区在旅游开发中忽视了当地居民的参与和要求，从而造成了旅游地环境污染，经济秩序紊乱，传统文化破坏等现象的产生。
二、西递的概况
西递村地处安徽黟县西递镇西部，素有“桃花源里人家”和“中国明清民居博物馆”