WHAT IS REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT?
1、A region can be sub-national, part of a country or it can be supra-national, a combination of countries.
An example of the latter is when we talk about the region of South-East Asia. An example of the former is when we talk about the western provinces of China. 一个区域可分国家，即国家的一部分或是超国家、联合国。
后者的一个例子是，当我们谈论东南亚地区。
前者的一个例子是当我们谈论中国西部省份。
2、For this course, we will be concerned with sub-national regions, i.e., parts of a country.
More particularly, we will be concerned with economic disparities between regions of a country.
对于这门课程，我们将关注的是民族地区，即一个国家的部分地区。 更特别的是，我们将关注一个国家地区之间的经济差距。
3、Regional disparities refer to the fact that when a country grows, not all parts of the country may grow equally. This means that, over time, a gap may open up between regions. This gap may be in income, employment, social development, or all of these.
Income disparities are what we will be mainly concerned with but usually, when a region lags behind in income, it will also lag in many, perhaps most, other areas as well.
地区差异指的是，当一个国家发展起来的时候，并非所有国家的部分都能平等增长。这意味着，随着时间的推移，差距可能开辟区域之间。这种差距可能在收入，就业，社会发展，所有这些方方面面都有差距。
收入差距是我们主要关注的问题，但通常情况下，当一个地区落后于收入，它也会滞后于许多，也许大多数其他地区都是这样。
4、Regional development refers to the economic development of a region. Our emphasis will be focused on less developed regions, or what sometimes are simply referred to as poor regions. And how they can be developed so that they catch up with the more developed or rich regions of a country.
区域发展是指一个地区的经济发展。我们的重点将集中在欠发达地区，或有时被简单地称为贫困地区，以及他们如何发展，使他们赶上一个国家的发达或富裕地区。
5、In the most general sense, regional development is about facilitating/creating development in different parts of a country. But our concern will specifically focus on poor regions and how they can be made to “catch-up” to the national average in development. This means that we want to look at why differences exist in the first place and what can be done about it in the second place.
从最一般的意义上讲，区域发展是指促进/创造一个国家不同地区的发展。但我
们的关注将特别关注贫困地区，以及如何才能“追赶”到全国平均水平的发展。这意味着我们想看看为什么差异首先存在，在第二位可以做什么。
6、There is a difference between
∙ Asking how to encourage development in a region
∙ Asking how to make all regions equal in terms of development and
∙ Asking how to narrow the gap in income and other indicators between regions. 这里存在的区别有：
问如何鼓励在一个地区的发展
问如何使所有地区的平等方面的发展
问如何缩小地区间的收入和其他指标的差距。
7、None of these will necessarily involve the same targets and/or programs for achieving those targets.
Another major question in this regard that needs to be addressed is whether a goal of at least narrowing the gap between regions, if not making them equal, requires government involvement.
这些都不一定涉及相同的目标和/或程序实现这些目标。
在这方面需要解决的另一个主要问题是，至少缩小地区之间的差距，如果不使他们平等的目标，需要政府参与。
8、But there is a significant difference between the case of regions within a country and whole countries and this has to do with the mobility of factors of production. 但是，一个国家和一个国家的地区之间的情况有显着差异，这与生产要素的流动性。 9、Advance the development of the western region and Bring about a coordinated development of regional economies. 积极推进西部大开发, 促进区域经济协调发展。
价值高估Overestimate the value 货币政策Monetary policy
投机过度Excessive speculation 扩大内需Expanding domestic demand 降低利率Lower interest rates 鼓励消费Encourage consumption 人力资源Human resources人力资本human capital
区域经济增长Regional economic growth
区域经济开发Regional economic development
要素禀赋理论factor endowment theory
华盛顿共识 Washington Consensus
隐性失业Recessive unemployment 出口替代Export substitution 逆城市化Counter urbanization 诺斯悖论 North Paradox 空间经济效应Spatial economic effect
区域经济增长Regional economic growth城乡边缘区Urban-rural fringe 集聚经济Agglomeration economies
农业可持续发展Agricultural sustainable development
区域开发（发展）regional development社会地理学Social geography 区域资源Regional resources 投资环境investment environment 制度创新Institutional Innovation
区域经济增长Regional economic growth
区域空间结构Regional spatial structure区位选择Location choice 新产业区New industrial zone区域贸易regional trade
区域冲突 Regional conflict区域重心Regional gravity
WHAT IS REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT?
1、A region can be sub-national, part of a country or it can be supra-national, a combination of countries.
An example of the latter is when we talk about the region of South-East Asia. An example of the former is when we talk about the western provinces of China. 一个区域可分国家，即国家的一部分或是超国家、联合国。
后者的一个例子是，当我们谈论东南亚地区。
前者的一个例子是当我们谈论中国西部省份。
2、For this course, we will be concerned with sub-national regions, i.e., parts of a country.
More particularly, we will be concerned with economic disparities between regions of a country.
对于这门课程，我们将关注的是民族地区，即一个国家的部分地区。 更特别的是，我们将关注一个国家地区之间的经济差距。
3、Regional disparities refer to the fact that when a country grows, not all parts of the country may grow equally. This means that, over time, a gap may open up between regions. This gap may be in income, employment, social development, or all of these.
Income disparities are what we will be mainly concerned with but usually, when a region lags behind in income, it will also lag in many, perhaps most, other areas as well.
地区差异指的是，当一个国家发展起来的时候，并非所有国家的部分都能平等增长。这意味着，随着时间的推移，差距可能开辟区域之间。这种差距可能在收入，就业，社会发展，所有这些方方面面都有差距。
收入差距是我们主要关注的问题，但通常情况下，当一个地区落后于收入，它也会滞后于许多，也许大多数其他地区都是这样。
4、Regional development refers to the economic development of a region. Our emphasis will be focused on less developed regions, or what sometimes are simply referred to as poor regions. And how they can be developed so that they catch up with the more developed or rich regions of a country.
区域发展是指一个地区的经济发展。我们的重点将集中在欠发达地区，或有时被简单地称为贫困地区，以及他们如何发展，使他们赶上一个国家的发达或富裕地区。
5、In the most general sense, regional development is about facilitating/creating development in different parts of a country. But our concern will specifically focus on poor regions and how they can be made to “catch-up” to the national average in development. This means that we want to look at why differences exist in the first place and what can be done about it in the second place.
从最一般的意义上讲，区域发展是指促进/创造一个国家不同地区的发展。但我
们的关注将特别关注贫困地区，以及如何才能“追赶”到全国平均水平的发展。这意味着我们想看看为什么差异首先存在，在第二位可以做什么。
6、There is a difference between
∙ Asking how to encourage development in a region
∙ Asking how to make all regions equal in terms of development and
∙ Asking how to narrow the gap in income and other indicators between regions. 这里存在的区别有：
问如何鼓励在一个地区的发展
问如何使所有地区的平等方面的发展
问如何缩小地区间的收入和其他指标的差距。
7、None of these will necessarily involve the same targets and/or programs for achieving those targets.
Another major question in this regard that needs to be addressed is whether a goal of at least narrowing the gap between regions, if not making them equal, requires government involvement.
这些都不一定涉及相同的目标和/或程序实现这些目标。
在这方面需要解决的另一个主要问题是，至少缩小地区之间的差距，如果不使他们平等的目标，需要政府参与。
8、But there is a significant difference between the case of regions within a country and whole countries and this has to do with the mobility of factors of production. 但是，一个国家和一个国家的地区之间的情况有显着差异，这与生产要素的流动性。 9、Advance the development of the western region and Bring about a coordinated development of regional economies. 积极推进西部大开发, 促进区域经济协调发展。
价值高估Overestimate the value 货币政策Monetary policy
投机过度Excessive speculation 扩大内需Expanding domestic demand 降低利率Lower interest rates 鼓励消费Encourage consumption 人力资源Human resources人力资本human capital
区域经济增长Regional economic growth
区域经济开发Regional economic development
要素禀赋理论factor endowment theory
华盛顿共识 Washington Consensus
隐性失业Recessive unemployment 出口替代Export substitution 逆城市化Counter urbanization 诺斯悖论 North Paradox 空间经济效应Spatial economic effect
区域经济增长Regional economic growth城乡边缘区Urban-rural fringe 集聚经济Agglomeration economies
农业可持续发展Agricultural sustainable development
区域开发（发展）regional development社会地理学Social geography 区域资源Regional resources 投资环境investment environment 制度创新Institutional Innovation
区域经济增长Regional economic growth
区域空间结构Regional spatial structure区位选择Location choice 新产业区New industrial zone区域贸易regional trade
区域冲突 Regional conflict区域重心Regional gravity